Artículo

Hidden citations obscure true impact in science

Resumen

References, the mechanism scientists rely on to signal previous knowledge, lately have turned into widely used and misused measures of scientific impact. Yet, when a discovery becomes common knowledge, citations suffer from obliteration by incorporation. This leads to the concept of hidden citation, representing a clear textual credit to a discovery without a reference to the publication embodying it. Here, we rely on unsupervised interpretable machine learning applied to the full text of each paper to systematically identify hidden citations. We find that for influential discoveries hidden citations outnumber citation counts, emerging regardless of publishing venue and discipline. We show that the prevalence of hidden citations is not driven by citation counts, but rather by the degree of the discourse on the topic within the text of the manuscripts, indicating that the more discussed is a discovery, the less visible it is to standard bibliometric analysis. Hidden citations indicate that bibliometric measures offer a limited perspective on quantifying the true impact of a discovery, raising the need to extract knowledge from the full text of the scientific corpus.
https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae155
Hidden citations obscure true impact in science
2024
gold
https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article-pdf/3/5/pgae155/57416412/pgae155.pdf
Xiangyi Meng; Onur Varol; Albert-László Barabási
Network Science Institute and Department of Physics, Northeastern University , Boston, MA 02115 , USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy , Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 , USA; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University , Istanbul 34956 , Turkey; Network Science Institute and Department of Physics, Northeastern University , Boston, MA 02115 , USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115 , USA; Department of Network and Data Science, Central European University , Budapest 1051 , Hungary
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